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1.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 84(1)mar. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439177

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Actualmente los contagios por el virus del SARS-CoV-2 supera los 600 millones de casos en el mundo. Objetivo: Aislar y caracterizar el virus SARS-CoV-2 causante de la COVID-19 a inicios de la pandemia en el Perú. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó el aislamiento viral a partir de 20 muestras de hisopado nasal y faríngeo positivas a SARS-CoV-2 por RT-PCR. El aislamiento se realizó en las líneas celulares Vero ATCC CCL-81 y Vero E6, evaluando el efecto citopático, la presencia del virus por RT-PCR, inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) y posterior identificación por secuenciación genómica. Posteriormente, uno de los aislamientos de mayor circulación fue seleccionado y denominado cepa prototipo (PE/B.1.1/28549/2020), realizándose 10 pasajes sucesivos en células Vero ATCC CCL-81 para evaluar la dinámica de mutaciones. Resultados: Se observaron 11 aislamientos de virus por efecto citopático confirmándose por RT-PCR e IFI, de los cuales 6 fueron secuenciados identificándose los linajes B.1, B.1.1, B.1.1.1 y B.1.205, según el comité Pango de los genomas. La cepa prototipo corresponde a la variante B.1.1 y el análisis de las secuencias de los pasajes sucesivos mostró mutaciones a nivel de la proteína de la espiga (S) del virus, sin variación en la identidad del linaje. Conclusiones: Se aislaron 4 linajes en la línea celular Vero ATCC CCL-81. Los subcultivos en la misma línea celular muestran mutaciones en la proteína de la espiga, lo que indica mayor adaptabilidad a la célula hospedera y variación de la patogenicidad in vitro, comportamiento que le permite tener más éxito de supervivencia.


Introduction: Currently, infections caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus exceed 600 million cases in the world. Objective: Isolation and characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 at the beginning of the pandemic in Peru. Materials and methods: Twenty nasal and pharyngeal swab samples were isolated from SARS-CoV-2 using two cell lines, Vero ATCC CCL-81 and Vero E-6; virus identification was performed by RT-PCR and the onset of cytopathic effect (CPE) was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence and subsequent identification by genomic sequencing. One of the most widely circulating isolates were selected and named the prototype strain (PE/B.1.1/28549/2020). Then 10 successive passages were performed on Vero ATCC CCL-81 cells to assess mutation dynamics. Results: We detected 11 virus isolates by cytopathic effect, and subsequently confirmed by RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence. Of these, six were sequenced and identified as the lineages B.1, B.1.1, B.1.1.1, and B.1.205 according to the Pango lineage nomenclature. The prototype strain corresponded to lineage B.1.1. The analysis of the strains from the successive passages showed mutations mainly at in the spike (S) protein of the virus without variation in the identity of the lineage. Conclusions: Four lineages were isolated in the Vero ATCC CCL-81 cell line. Subcultures in the same cell line show mutations in the spike protein indicating greater adaptability to the host cell and variation in pathogenicity in vitro, a behavior that allows it to have more survival success.

2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 150(11): 1477-1483, nov. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1442058

ABSTRACT

The mission of the University of Chile Clinical Hospital is to be the main University Hospital in the country. Along with training of health professionals in clinical practice and research, the Hospital provides comprehensive health solutions to the community. Since its foundation, it played an important role in the training of health professionals and specialists. To fulfill this mission, it is important to have outstanding academics and a system that allows their renewal and replacement. From January 25, 2001, the University of Chile approved the regulations that rule the Residents Program Fellowship, aimed to train the new generations of clinical academics. These regulations allow the financing of training programs in basic or primary specialties (such as internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, among others) or in specialties derived from them (such as cardiology, gastroenterology and reproductive medicine, among others.) The different clinical departments and the Hospital Direction define each year how many places will be offered and in which specialties. The Faculty of Medicine Graduate School carries out the formal selection of the applicants. This article reviews the results of this program between 2013 and 2021, analyzing in detail the traceability of each graduate over the years.


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Medical, Graduate/economics , Fellowships and Scholarships , Hospitals, University , Internship and Residency/economics , Program Evaluation , Chile
3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389786

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La osteonecrosis de los maxilares asociada a medicamentos (OMAM) se define como la presencia de hueso necrótico expuesto de los maxilares en pacientes con historia de tratamiento farmacológico antirresortivo o antiangiogénico. Se describen diferentes estadios se severidad, con tratamiento conservador para estadios 0 y I, y tratamiento médico-quirúrgico para II-III. Objetivo: Describir los factores desencadenantes, opciones de tratamiento médico-quirúrgico y resultados en pacientes con OMAM estadios II-III. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, de pacientes diagnosticados con OMAM estadios II y III que requirieron manejo médico-quirúrgico en la Red de Salud UC-Christus entre los años 2007 y 2018. Resultados: Todos los pacientes presentaron historia de tratamiento con bifosfonatos intravenosos. La mayoría de los registros de seguimiento de pacientes estuvo disponible para su análisis. El tratamiento consistió en aseo quirúrgico, decorticación y secuestrectomía. Se reportó disminución de la sintomatología con resolución parcial en la mitad de los casos y cierre completo de la exposición ósea en los restantes. Conclusión: Sugerimos que el tratamiento médico-quirúrgico en pacientes con OMAM en etapas II y III es efectivo en términos de disminución de sintomatología y control de infección. Sin embargo, es necesario realizar nuevos estudios prospectivos, con mayor cantidad de pacientes y tiempo de seguimiento.


Abstract Introduction: Medication-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is defined as the presence of exposed necrotic bone of the jaws in patients with a history of antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drug treatment. Different stages of severity are described, with conservative treatment for stages 0 and I, and medical-surgical treatment for II-III. Aim: To describe the triggers, medical-surgical treatment options and outcomes in patients with stage II-III MRONJ. Material and Method: Retrospective, descriptive study of patients diagnosed with MRONJ stages II and III that required medical-surgical management in the UC-Christus Health Network between 2007 and 2018. Results: All patients had a history of treatment with intravenous bisphosphonates. Most of the patient follow-up records were available for analysis. Treatment consisted of surgical grooming, decortication, and sequestrectomy. A decrease in symptoms was reported with partial resolution in half of the cases, and complete closure of bone exposure in the remainder. Conclusion: We suggest that medical-surgical treatment in patients with MRONJ in stages II and III is effective in terms of reducing symptoms and controlling infection. However, it is necessary to carry out new prospective studies, with a greater number of patients and follow-up time.

4.
BAG, J. basic appl. genet. (Online) ; 32(1): 7-10, June 2021.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345382

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT An overview is provided on the cytogenetic of Chilean plants, highlighting information gathered from more than a century of work carried out by foreign and national researchers who have contributed to the study of native species. We briefly present the progress made to date and also emphasize some strategies that, in our opinion, could spur further advances in this second century of cytogenetic studies in Chilean plants.


RESUMEN Se presenta una visión general de la citogenética de plantas chilenas, destacando información recopilada durante más de un siglo de trabajo realizado por investigadores nacionales y extranjeros que han contribuido al estudio de las especies nativas. Presentamos brevemente los progresos realizados hasta la fecha y también destacamos algunas estrategias que, en nuestra opinión, podrían impulsar mayores avances en este segundo siglo de estudios citogenéticos en plantas chilenas.

5.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389764

ABSTRACT

Resumen El envejecimiento progresivo de la población mundial es una preocupación reconocida por la mayoría de las propuestas de políticas públicas en diversas áreas, incluida salud. La persona mayor pertenece a un grupo social vulnerable, que requiere ser considerado en las intervenciones y políticas de salud pública. Existe una considerable pérdida de las capacidades sensoriales y motrices que suponen una disminución de la autonomía, la que si se asocia a la realidad de las personas mayores con menos ingresos, dificulta un acceso oportuno a prestaciones de salud para poder enfrentar la discapacidad de manera apropiada. Las consecuencias de la pérdida de la capacidad auditiva en la persona mayor se manifiestan en problemas de la comprensión del habla, deterioro cognitivo y trastornos de la salud mental como ansiedad y depresión. Lamentablemente, las intervenciones para aumentar la adherencia de los usuarios al uso de audífonos no han mostrado muchos resultados favorables. Un correcto diagnóstico permite tener una orientación y rehabilitación adecuada a través de la generación de programas y estrategias enfocadas en la integración social, permitiendo que la calidad de vida se mantenga o mejore no solo en las personas con hipoacusia. Implementar un abordaje que busque tener un impacto positivo en la adherencia al uso de audífonos debe incluir y desarrollar programas de rehabilitación auditiva que consideren aspectos de contexto como vivienda, red de apoyo e integración social, entre otros.


Abstract Progressive aging of the world population is a concern recognized by most public policy proposals in various areas, including health. The elderly belongs to a vulnerable social group, which requires consideration in public health interventions and policies. There is a considerable loss of sensory and motor capacities that decreases autonomy, which if associated with lesser income in older adults, hinders timely access to health benefits and its possibility to face disability appropriately. The consequences of hearing loss in the elderly are manifested in problems of speech comprehension, cognitive deterioration, and mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. Unfortunately, interventions to increase user adherence to hearing aid use have not shown many positive results. A correct diagnosis allows to have an adequate orientation and rehabilitation through the generation of programs and strategies focused on social integration, allowing the quality of life to be maintained or improved not only in people with hearing loss. Implementing an approach that seeks to have a positive impact on adherence to hearing aid use should include and develop auditory rehabilitation programs that consider contextual aspects such as housing, support network and social integration, among others.

6.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389736

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La presbiacusia es una condición muy prevalente. Habitualmente se implementan audífonos como tratamiento, pero un problema es la baja adherencia exhibida que puede rondar un 50%. Objetivo: Evaluar si el programa de rehabilitación auditiva Active Communication Education (ACE) mejora la adherencia al uso del audífono. Material y Método: Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado para evaluar la efectividad del programa ACE sumado a un refuerzo teleeducativo para mejorar la adherencia al uso del audífono. El proyecto fue aprobado por comité de ética y cada participante firmó consentimiento informado. La adherencia se evaluó por medio de la escala CIRUA y Dr. Yueh. Cada participante fue seguido en su domicilio en controles cada 3 meses hasta 1 año posterior a la intervención por encuestadores entrenados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 202 participantes, 101 en cada rama. La mediana de edad fue de 78 años y el 59,9% de la muestra fue de sexo femenino. El PTP promedio óseo fue de 48,59 dB y el aéreo fue de 55 dB. El grupo control tuvo adherencia de 65,91% y 62,30%. El grupo intervencional tuvo una adherencia de 78,41% y 72,28%. Hubo diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de adherencia entre grupo control y experimental según CIRUA (p = 0,027) y Yueh (p = 0,011). Conclusión: El programa de rehabilitación auditiva ACE es eficaz para mejorar la adherencia al uso del audífono en pacientes adultos mayores con hipoacusia. Este estudio representa uno de los mayores esfuerzos publicados para evaluar la efectividad de los programas de rehabilitación auditiva en adultos mayores con hipoacusia.


Abstract Introduction: Hearing loss associated with older adults is a very prevalent condition. Hearing aids are usually implemented as treatment, but there is low adherence exhibited, which can be around 50%. Aim: To assess whether the Active Communication Education (ACE) hearing rehabilitation program improves adherence to hearing aid use. Material and Method: A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACE program added to a tele-educational reinforcement to improve adherence to hearing aid use. The project was approved by the ethics committee of the institution and each participant signed an informed consent. Adherence was evaluated using the CIRUA scale and Dr. Yueh scale. Each participant was followed at home in controls every 3 months up to 1 year after the intervention by trained interviewers. Results: 202 participants were included, 101 in each branch. The median age was 78 years and 59.9% of the sample was female. The average bone PTA was 48.59 dB and air PTA was 55 dB. Adherence in the control group was 65.91% and 62.30%. In the interventional group, adherence was 78.41% and 72.28%. There were significant differences in the percentage of adherence between the control and experimental groups according to CIRUA (p = 0.027) and Yueh (p = 0.011). Conclusion: The ACE auditory rehabilitation program improves adherence to hearing aid use in older adults with hearing loss. This study represents one of the largest published efforts to evaluate the effectiveness of auditory rehabilitation programs in older adults with hearing loss.

7.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 16(2): 85-89, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1293294

ABSTRACT

La tasa de hospitalización por crisis de asma en niños chilenos se ha duplicado en los últimos años. Diversos estudios muestran una asociación entre hipovitaminosis D y crisis de asma. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue describir la prevalencia de déficit e insuficiencia de vitamina D (vitD) en escolares asmáticos hospitalizados por crisis de asma y evaluar su estado nutricional. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio analítico, transversal, que incluyó a todos los pacientes de 5 años o más que se hospitalizaron por crisis de asma durante un año calendario en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Se aplicó una encuesta que incluyó datos sociodemográficos y clínicos, se evaluó el nivel de control del asma mediante el cuestionario Asthma Control Test (ACT), se determinó el estado nutricional y se midió la concentración de vitD. RESULTADOS: Se observó que 6 de cada 10 pacientes presentaba déficit o insuficiencia de vitD (22,8 ng/ml ± 10,5), encontrándose una asociación positiva entre concentración de vitD y ACT. La malnutrición por exceso estaba presente en casi la mitad de los pacientes. Aquellos pacientes que se hospitalizaron por más de 3 días tenían una concentración sérica de vitD significativamente menor. CONCLUSIONES: La hipovitaminosis D afectó a la mayoría de los niños hospitalizados por crisis de asma. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre concentración de vitD con días de hospitalización y control de la enfermedad medido por ACT.


Asthma hospitalization rates in Chilean children has doubled in recent years. Multiple studies show an association between hypovitaminosis D and asthma attacks. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D (vitD) deficiency and insufficiency in asthmatic school age children hospitalized for asthma crisis and to evaluate their nutritional status. METHODS: Cross-sectional, analytical study that included patients 5 years of age or older hospitalized for asthma attacks during one calendar year, in the Pediatric Service of the University of Chile Clinical Hospital. A survey was conducted that included sociodemographic and clinical data, the level of asthma control was evaluated using the Asthma Control Test questionnaire (ACT), the nutritional status was determined and the concentration of vitD was measured. RESULTS: 6 out of 10 patients had either Vit D deficiency or insufficiency (22,8 ng/ml ± 10,5), showing a positive association between vitD concentration and ACT. Malnutrition due to excess was present in almost half of the patients. Children hospitalized for more than 3 days had a significantly lower vitD serum concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients had hypovitaminosis D. An association was found between vitD concentration and hospital stay and between vitD concentration and asthma control, measured by ACT .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Status Asthmaticus/epidemiology , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology , Overnutrition/epidemiology , Child, Hospitalized , Nutritional Status , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
8.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 43(2): 120-126, dic. 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249991

ABSTRACT

En diferentes regiones de Latinoamérica la infección por T. cruzi y Leishmania se superponen, por lo cual se reportan infecciones mixtas circulantes, debido a esto; deben realizarse pruebas diagnósticas específicas para evitar reacciones cruzadas entre estas dos patologías. OBJETIVO: determinar patrones de fluorescencia que permitan la diferenciación entre Leishmaniasis, enfermedad de Chagas e infección mixta empleando epimastigotes de T. cruzi. MÉTODOS: se empleó la técnica de Inmunofluorescencia Indirecta utilizando epimastigotes de T. cruzi (TcV autóctono) como antígeno figurado frente a un panel de muestras de suero codificados como A, B, C y D correspondientes a pacientes con infección por: Leishmaniasis (A), Infección mixta por Leishmania y Chagas(B), Enfermedad de Chagas (C) y sin ninguna de las dos infecciones (D). RESULTADOS: en los cuatro paneles de muestras se observaron diferentes patrones de intensidad de fluorescencia a nivel de membrana y núcleo de los epimastigotes de T. cruzi (TcV autóctono). CONCLUSIONES: la técnica de Inmunofluorescencia (IFI) con antígenos de epimastigotes de T. cruzi a demostrado utilidad en la diferenciación entre enfermedad de Chagas, Leishmaniasis y/o infecciones mixtas por ambos parásitos en aquellas zonas donde la coexistencia de ambas es habitual


In different regions of Latin America, infection by T. cruzi and Leishmania overlap, for which mixed circulating infections are reported, due to this; Specific diagnostic tests must be performed to avoid cross reactions between these two pathologies. OBJECTIVE: to determine fluorescence patterns that allow the differentiation between Leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and mixed infection using T. cruzi epimastigotes. METHODS: the Indirect Immunofluorescence technique was used using epimastigotes of T. cruzi (autochthonous TcV) as figurative antigen against a panel of serum samples coded as A, B, C and D corresponding to patients with infection by: Leishmaniasis (A) , Mixed infection by Leishmania and Chagas (B), Chagas disease (C) and without either of the two infections (D). RESULTS: in the four sample panels, different patterns of fluorescence intensity were observed at the membrane and nucleus level of the epimastigotes of T. cruzi (autochthonous TcV). CCONCLUSIONS: the Immunofluorescence technique (IFI) with T. cruzi epimastigote antigens has proven useful in differentiating between Chagas disease, Leishmaniasis and / or mixed infections by both parasites in areas where the coexistence of both is common.


Subject(s)
Humans , Trypanosoma cruzi , Leishmaniasis , Fluorescence , Parasites , Chagas Disease , Infections
9.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 72(6): 505-509, dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388759

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La hernia hiatal (HH) de tipo I por deslizamiento es el tipo más frecuente, siendo difícil de definir objetivamente, por lo que el principal foco de controversia es su diagnóstico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es reportar los resultados respecto de la precisión diagnóstica del estudio preoperatorio y confirmarlo con el diagnóstico laparoscópico de este tipo de HH. Materiales y Método: Estudio prospectivo descriptivo de serie que incluyen pacientes con síntomas típicos de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico, los cuales se sometieron a estudio con esófago-gastro-duodenoscopía, estudio manométrico y radiológico de esófago, estómago y duodeno con bario. Se incluyen sólo los pacientes en los cuales la endoscopía revela la existencia de HH por deslizamiento ≪ 5 cm. Estos pacientes se sometieron a tratamiento quirúrgico confirmándose o no la existencia de HH al momento de la exploración laparoscópica. Resultados: El valor predictivo positivo y sensibilidad para manometría fue de un 51,2% y 70%, para la radiología 91,7% y 80,5% y para endoscopia 80,3% y 70,7% respectivamente. Conclusión: Para el diagnóstico confiable de HH antes del tratamiento, las tres investigaciones mencionadas deben ser obligatorias antes de la cirugía.


Introduction: Being type I hiatal hernia (HH) the most frequent, is difficult to define objectively and therefore, the main focus of controversy is the diagnosis. The aim of this paper is to report the results regarding the diagnostic accuracy of the preoperative study and to confirm it with the laparoscopic diagnosis of hiatal hernia. Materials and Method: This descriptive and prospective study includes patients with typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease who underwent esophageal-gastro-duodenoscopy, manometry and radiological study of esophagus with barium swallow. Only patients in whom endoscopy reveals the existence of HH by sliding ≪ 5 cm are included. These patients underwent surgical treatment confirming or not the existence of HH at the time of laparoscopic exploration. Results: The positive pre- dictive value and sensibility for manometry was 51.2% and 70%, for radiology 91.7% and 80.5%, and for endoscopy 85.3% and 70.7% respectively. Conclusion: For the reliable diagnosis of HH before treatment, the three mentioned investigations must be mandatory before the surgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Laparoscopy/methods , Preoperative Period , Hernia, Hiatal/diagnosis , Endoscopy/methods , Hernia, Hiatal/pathology , Manometry/methods
10.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389727

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La osteonecrosis de los maxilares asociada a medicamentos (OMAM) es una patología que involucra la exposición necrótica de hueso maxilar o mandibular, relacionada al uso de fármacos antirresortivos y antiangiogénicos, con una prevalencia de 0,94%-13% en pacientes oncológicos y con osteoporosis que hacen uso de ellos. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de osteonecrosis de los maxilares en pacientes en tratamiento con bifosfonatos intravenosos (BFIV) en el Centro del Cáncer de la Red de Salud UC-Christus, Santiago de Chile. Material y Método: Se analizaron los datos de pacientes que recibieron tratamiento de bifosfonatos intravenoso entre marzo y septiembre de 2016, con seguimiento por los equipos tratantes. Se consideró para la extracción de datos el género, edad, diagnóstico primario, bifosfonato intravenoso utilizado, tiempo de seguimiento, presencia de metástasis óseas y diagnóstico de OMAM. Resultados: Se obtuvo una muestra de 143 pacientes, con una relación hombre:mujer de 1:2; promedio de edad de 63,2 años; 78% de ellos fueron tratados con ácido zoledrónico y un 22% con pamidronato. Del total de pacientes un 1,4% (n = 2) desarrolló OMAM. Ambos casos con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama en tratamiento con ácido zoledrónico, lo que corresponde al 1,8% de los pacientes en tratamiento con este fármaco. Conclusión: Si bien la OMAM es una patología infrecuente, esta se presenta con alta morbilidad y es de manejo complejo. La prevención y tratamiento de focos infecciosos odontogénicos de pacientes antes, durante o después del tratamiento con BFIV es fundamental para prevenir su desarrollo.


Abstract Introduction: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a disease involving exposition of necrotic maxillary and mandibular bone and it's related to antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs, with a prevalence that variates from 0,94%-13% in oncologic and osteoporosis patients treated with them. Aim: To determine the prevalence of MRONJ in patients that underwent treatment with intravenous bisphosphonates (IVBP) at Centro del Cancer de la Red de Salud UC-CHRISTUS of Santiago, Chile. Material and Method: Data from patients who received intravenous bisphosphonate treatment between March and September 2016 were analyzed, with follow-ups by their treating teams. Data extraction considered gender, age, primary diagnosis, intravenous bisphosphonate used, follow up time, bone metastases and diagnosis of MRONJ. Results: A sample of 143 patients was obtained with a men:women ratio of 1:2; an average age of 63,2 years, 78% of the patients were treated with zoledronic acid and 22% of the patients with pamidronate. From the total number of patients,1.4% (n = 2) developed MRONJ, both cases had breast cancer as primary diagnosis and in treatment with zoledronic acid, which corresponds to 1.8% of patients being treated with this drug. Conclusion: Although MRONJ is an infrequent disease, it presents high morbidity and complex management. Prevention and treatment of odontogenic infectious foci in patients before, during and after treatment with IVBP drugs is fundamental to prevent this pathology.

11.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 31(2): 97-102, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1118681

ABSTRACT

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and has spread globally, creating a pandemic. The objective of this is study is to determinate clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with coronavirus en emergency department. The HCUCH Emergency Service treated a total of 6959 patients between March 13th and May 31th, of whom 1.278 were positive and had confirmed with coronavirus. The male sex was the most prevalent (59.7%). The most frequent symptoms in both groups were cough, myalgia and fever. In the group of ambulatory patients, headache stood out in 50% and in hospitalized patients, dyspnea with 67%. The mortality rate in hospitalized patients was 15.6%. Of these, 66.6% were older than 65 years. Regarding diagnosis of hospital discharge, 87.5% correspond to pneumonia. There is a higher prevalence of coronavirus disease in male patients. The most frequent comorbidities in hospitalized patients were HT and DM2. The highest rate of hospitalization and case fatality in people over 65 years of age. This information helps to characterize the profile of patients at risk in which prevention efforts should be focused. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Emergency Medical Services/trends
12.
Bio sci. (En línea) ; 3(5): 62-72, 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIBOCS | ID: biblio-1141426

ABSTRACT

La OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud) define como obesidad, cuando el IMC es igual o superior a 30 Kg/m2. El sobrepeso y la obesidad son el quinto factor de riesgo de defunción humana en el mundo, una de las poblaciones más vulnerables son los choferes, por las características particulares del trabajo que desempeñan, lo que conlleva a sufrir diferentes enfermedades. El estudio realizado fue de tipo transversal, con una muestra de 77 personas a los cuales se les realizó la medición de talla y peso con la aplicación de encuestas para la recolección de datos. Entre los resultados se obtuvo que un 25,98% presenta obesidad, un 41,56% sobrepeso y el 32,47% de los chóferes tiene el peso normal. Se concluye que la mayoría de los choferes encuestados presentan sobrepeso


The WHO (World Health Organization) defines obesity as when the BMI is equal to or greater than 30 Kg / m2. Overweight and obesity are the fifth risk factor for human death in the world, one of the most vulnerable populations is drivers, due to the particular characteristics of the work they perform, which leads to suffering from different diseases. The study carried out was cross-sectional, with a sample of 77 people who were measured in height and weight with the application of surveys to collect data. Among the results, it was obtained that 25.98% are obese, 41.56% are overweight and 32.47% of the drivers have normal weight. It is concluded that the majority of the surveyed drivers are overweight.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Risk Factors , Overweight , Obesity , World Health Organization , Disease
13.
BAG, J. basic appl. genet. (Online) ; 30(2): 21-25, Dec. 2019. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089065

ABSTRACT

The karyotype of the plant species Krameria cistoidea Hook. & Arn. was studied by assessing chromosome characters such as morphology, size, and C-banding pattern. The karyotype of K. cistoidea was composed only by metacentric chromosomes in the two populations studied. The haploid set length was 51.9±2.3 μm and the mean chromosome size was 8.68±0.78 μm. Some similarities in chromosome morphology and size can be observed among K. cistoidea and K. triandra, in addition to the chromosome number 2n=12 which is conserved within the genus. K. cistoidea exhibited a symmetric banding pattern with large C-bands in the telomeres of the short and long arms of all chromosomes, except the short arm of pair 1. The relative length of the C-bands was 23.5% of the total haploid set length. These cytological results on K. cistoidea are the first data on quantitative karyotype morphology and C-banding patterns in the genus Krameria.


El cariotipo de la especie vegatal Krameria cistoidea Hook. & Arn., 2n=12, se estudió en individuos de dos poblaciones considerando las variables de tamaño, morfología y patrón de bandas C. La longitud del set haploide fue de 51,9±2,3 μm con un tamaño cromosómico promedio de 8,68±0,78 μm. Se encontraron algunas similitudes de morfología y tamaños cromosómicos entre el cariotipo de K. cistoidea y el descrito para K. triandra, ambas con 2n=12 guarismo conservado dentro del género. Los cromosomas de K. cistoidea muestran un patrón simétrico de grandes bandas C en los telómeros de todos ellos, excepto en el brazo corto del par 1 y con una longitud relativa de los segmentos con bandas C de un 23,5% del set haploide. Estos resultados son los primeros datos cuantitativos relativos al cariotipo y patrón de bandas C en el género Krameria.

14.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 71(5): 412-424, oct. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058295

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Existen dos tipos de peritonitis esclerosante (PE): primaria o idiopática y secundaria, generalmente a diálisis peritoneal (DP), y con menor frecuencia a otras patologías abdominales o sistémicas. Su mortalidad es alta. Objetivo: Comparar las características clínicas, estudios diagnósticos y tratamiento de pacientes con Peritonitis Esclerosante Primaria y Secundaria, definir si existen diferencias y determinar los principales elementos clínicos e imagenológicos que permitan hacer un diagnóstico precoz y mejorar los resultados terapéuticos. Material y Métodos: Se analizan 18 casos de PE diagnosticados en nuestro hospital, entre los años 2001-2014. Incluye una serie retrospectiva de 15 casos de PE secundaria (13 por diálisis peritoneal y 2 por cirrosis hepática). Se compara con un estudio prospectivo que incluye 3 pacientes con PE primaria. Resultados: Las principales diferencias se evidencian en la presentación clínica: PE primaria: se presenta con cuadro de obstrucción intestinal y baja de peso de distinta magnitud. PE secundaria: predominan el dolor abdominal, peritonitis recurrente y la falla de ultrafiltración. La tomografía computada de abdomen es útil, sobre todo cuando hay obstrucción intestinal. Ha hecho posible el diagnóstico preoperatorio. Conclusiones: Se requiere un alto índice de sospecha para el diagnóstico precoz de PE, sobre todo para la forma primaria. Debe sospecharse en todo paciente con dolor abdominal, vómitos recurrentes y baja de peso de cualquier magnitud; y en aquellos en diálisis peritoneal durante 5 años o más, que presenten dolor abdominal y/o peritonitis recurrente y/o falla de ultrafiltración.


Introduction: There are two types of sclerosing peritonitis (SP): primary or idiopathic and secondary, generally to peritoneal dialysis, and less frequently, to other abdominal or systemic pathologies. Mortality related to this is high. Objective: To compare the clinical feature, diagnostic studies and treatment of patients with Primary and Secondary Sclerosing Peritonitis, to define whether there are any differences and to establish the main clinical and imaging elements allowing for an early diagnosis and improving the therapeutic results. Material and Methods: An analysis of 18 SP cases diagnosed at our hospital between 2001-2014 was carried out. This includes a retrospective series of 15 cases of secondary SP (13 to peritoneal dialysis and 2 to liver cirrhosis). This is compared against a prospective study that includes 3 patients with primary SP. Results: The main differences became evident in the clinical presentation: Primary SP: occurs in an intestinal obstruction and a loss of weight scenario of varying degrees. Secondary SP: abdominal pain and recurrent peritonitis as well as ultrafiltration failure prevail. CT of the abdomen has proven to be useful, in particular in those cases where there is intestinal obstruction. It has made preoperative diagnostic possible. Conclusions: A high degree of suspicion is required for an SP early diagnosis, especially for the primary form. All patients presenting abdominal pain, recurrent vomiting and any degree of weight loss and those with five or more years of peritoneal dialysis presenting abdominal pain and/or recurrent peritonitis and/or ultrafiltration failure should raise a diagnosis suspicion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Peritonitis/diagnosis , Peritonitis/therapy , Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects , Peritonitis/pathology , Sclerosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
15.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 30(3): 184-192, 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1050986

ABSTRACT

he aim of this study was to present preliminary results of a video-based consultation-liaison psychiatry service (telepsychiatry) to enhance the delivery of mental health services in primary health care (PHC) for institutionalized children and adolescents (ICA). A mixed-methods study was carried out at two PHC clinics in Quilpué, Chile, to assess the feasibility of a telepsychiatry service (TPS). TPS consisted of bimonthly, remotely conducted video-conference sessions between PHC teams and child and adolescent consultant psychiatrists located at the Psychiatric University Hospital in Santiago, to discuss mental health problems of ICA. During July to December 2018 thirteen TPS sessions were carried out, and a total of 15 ICA were discussed to elaborate diagnostic and/or therapeutic recommendations. The intervention was useful and acceptable to PHC providers. Participants perceived that better coordination between substitute care facilities and PHC clinics would be useful, and that training opportunities to address the mental health needs of ICA were required. A TPS to enhance the delivery of mental health services in PHC for ICA was feasible, further studies are needed to determine benefits for ICA. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child Advocacy/trends , Mental Health/trends
16.
Rev. chil. cir ; 70(4): 329-335, ago. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959391

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de reingreso hospitalario y sus factores asociados en pacientes sometidos a resecciones hepáticas o pancreáticas en nuestro centro. Metodología: Se revisaron registros de pacientes sometidos a resecciones hepáticas o pancreáticas entre 2012 y 2014. Se registraron variables biodemográficas, quirúrgicas y reingresos hasta 30 días posalta. Se excluyó la cirugía de urgencia, pacientes fallecidos durante la hospitalización, pacientes sometidos a resecciones hepáticas menores a dos segmentos, cirugías no anatómicas o cirugía no resectiva. El análisis estadístico univariable se realizó con prueba χ2 para variables categóricas y T Student/Mann Whitney para variables continuas. El análisis multivariable se realizó con regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyeron 116 pacientes, 50,9% mujeres. La estadía promedio fue de 14 días. El adenocarcinoma pancreático fue el diagnóstico más frecuente (25,9%) y 40,5% de los procedimientos quirúrgicos fueron pancreatoduodenectomías. La tasa de reingreso global fue 18,1%, mayor en pancreatectomías respecto a hepatectomías (23,7 vs 12,2% respectivamente p < 0,05). Los factores asociados a reingreso fueron: resección de páncreas, leucocitos preoperatorios, complicaciones posoperatorias y tiempo de estadía hospitalaria. Tras el análisis multivariable, sólo el tiempo hospitalario se asocia de forma independiente al reingreso precoz [OR 1,2 IC 95% 1,1-1,5 (p = 0,001)]. Conclusión: La estadía hospitalaria prolongada es un factor de riesgo consistente en la literatura para la rehospitalización posterior a resecciones hepáticas o pancreáticas. La tasa de reingreso posterior a resecciones hepáticas o pancreáticas es elevada, incluso en centros de alto volumen. Recomendamos el uso de este parámetro como un nuevo instrumento de medición de calidad en los resultados quirúrgicos en nuestro país.


Aim: To determine readmission rates and its associated factors in patients undergoing pancreatic and hepatic resections at our center. Matherial and Methods: Perioperative variables of patients undergoing pancreatic and hepatic resections between 2012-2014 were reviewed. Demographic and perioepartive data, as well as up —to postoperative day 30— readmisson rates were analyzed. Emergency cases, postoperative mortality and/or patients undergoing less extensive surgery (less than 2 Couinaud's segments, non-anatomical resections and non resective cases such as bilioenteric anastomoses) were excluded. Readmission associated factors were identified using both univariate (χ2 for categorical and t-student's/Mann-Whitney for continuous variables) and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis. Results: 116 cases were included, 50.9 % female. Mean postoperative stay was 14 days. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma was the most frequent diagnosis (25.9%), and the 40.5% of surgical procedures were pancreaticoduodenectomy. Overall 30-day readmission rate was 18.1%, with a 23.7% for pancreatic resections and 12.2% for hepatic resections. According to univariate analysis; readmission associated factors were: pancreatic resection, preoperative White cell count, the development of postoperative complications and postoperative length of stay. On Multivariate analysis only postoperative stay was the only significant associate factor [OR 1,2 CI 95% 1.1- 1.5 (p = 0.001)]. Conclussion: Readmission rates after pancreatic and hepatic resections are elevated, even in high-volume centers. Postoperative length of stay is a consistent risk factor for readmission after these type of surgeries. We highly recommend including this parameter as a quality marker of our surgical results in our country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pancreatectomy/statistics & numerical data , Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data , Hepatectomy/statistics & numerical data , Pancreatectomy/adverse effects , Multivariate Analysis , Risk Factors , Hepatectomy/adverse effects
17.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959751

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Los receptores Fcγ947; (FcγR), específicos para la inmunoglobulina G, les confieren a las células donde se expresan funciones en la respuesta inmunoinflamatoria. La heterogeneidad interindividual en la eficiencia de la función de los FcγR se ha explicado por polimorfismos en los genes que codifican 3 de estos receptores, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa y FcγRIIIb, los cuales han sido asociados con susceptibilidad y/o severidad en enfermedades infecciosas y autoinmunes en diferentes poblaciones. En este trabajo se analizan las características clínicas de 94 pacientes chilenos con evidencia de daño periodontal y se establece la frecuencia alélica/genotípica del polimorfismo H131R en el gen FCGR2A que codifica para el receptor FcγRIIa, así como su posible asociación con periodontitis. El polimorfismo G>A (H131R) en el gen FCGR2A se estudió por PCR en tiempo real utilizando sondas TaqMan. En el grupo estudiado se encontró un alto porcentaje de pacientes con periodontitis (86, 2%) y una asociación significativa a edad y sexo. No se observó una asociación a los alelos H o R, ni a los genotipos encontrados (H/R y R/R). Este es el primer trabajo en que se estudia el polimorfismo H131R en el FcγRIIa en población chilena en una muestra de pacientes adecuadamente caracterizados; sin embargo, creemos que es necesario estudiar un mayor número de sujetos para determinar si los polimorfismos de los genes FcγR constituyen o no posibles factores de susceptibilidad a enfermedad periodontal en población chilena.


ABSTRACT: The Fcγ receptors (FcγR) specific for the immunoglobulin G, expresses for the immune inflammatory response function. The inter individual heterogeneity in the efficiency of the FcγR function has been explained by polymorphisms in genes that encode for 3 of these receptors, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, which have been associated with susceptibility or severity in autoimmune and infectious diseases in different populations. This paper discusses the clinical characteristics of 94 Chilean patients with evidence of periodontal damage and establishes the allelic/genotypic frequency of polymorphism H131R in the FCGR2A gene, which encodes for the receptor FcγRIIa, as well as their possible association with periodontitis. Polymorphism G>A (H131R) in the gene FCGR2A was studied via real time PCR using TaqMan probes. In the study group, a high percentage of patients with periodontitis was found (86, 2%) with a significant association with age and gender. No determination could be reached as to whether the allele H or R or the genotypes found (H/R and R/R) were a factor of genetic susceptibility. This is the first study to determine the polymorphisms of the FcγR gene in a Chilean population adequately characterized; nevertheless, we believe that it is necessary to study a greater number of subjects in order to determine if the polymorphisms of the FcγR gene are a possible factors of susceptibility to periodontal disease in the Chilean population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Periodontal Diseases , Periodontitis , Polymorphism, Genetic , Receptors, Fc , Gene Frequency , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies
18.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 34(2): 66-72, 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1254087

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de canal carpiano es una patología frecuente. Si bien el diagnóstico es clínico, la ecografía cumple un rol en caso de duda diagnóstica y como apoyo a proce-dimientos intervencionales.Existen variables anatómicas y distancias de estructuras vasculares útiles de conocer antes de planear un gesto quirúrgico o de infiltración para disminuir el riesgo de lesiones secundarias, en donde la ecografía podría tener un rol.Estudiamos una muestra de 267 ecografías de muñeca con especial hincapié en va-riantes neurogénicas, vasculares o tendinosas que podrían resultar lesionadas en relación a algún procedimiento.


Carpal tunnel syndrome is a frequent pathology. Although the diagnosis is clinical, ultrasound plays a role in case of diagnostic doubt and as support and guide for inter-ventional procedures.There are anatomical variants and distances of vascular structures that may be useful to know before planning a surgical or infiltration procedure to reduce the risk of iat-rogenic injuries, where ultrasound could play a role.We studied a sample of 267 wrists ultrasounds with special emphasis on neurogenic, vascular or tendinous variants that could be injured in relation to procedures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/surgery , Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods , Median Nerve/anatomy & histology , Median Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Infiltration-Percolation , Chile , Median Nerve/surgery
19.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 29(2): 75-78, 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1117022

ABSTRACT

Capsule endoscopy is a technique that allows the study of the small intestine, through a device that is swallowed by the patient, capturing images as it travels through the digestive tract. Capsule retention is the most serious complication. We report the case of a 69 year-old male presenting with iron deficiency anemia, with normal upper endoscopy and colonoscopy; but obscure gastrointestinal bleeding was diagnosed and therefore a study with capsule endoscopy was requested. The patient evolves with retained capsule in the small intestine with ulcerated stenosis as shown by imaging. This finding was confirmed by enteroscopy with biopsy, without being able to extract the capsule. Medical management with corticosteroids was indicated for intestinal obstruction secondary to inflammatory stenosis in the context of Crohn's disease: The capsule was expelled after 21 days of ingestion, with a positive outcome


La cápsula endoscópica es una técnica que permite el estudio del intestino delgado, mediante un dispositivo que es deglutido por el paciente y captura imágenes en su recorrido por el tubo digestivo. La complicación más grave es la retención de la cápsula. Se reporta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 69 años con anemia ferropénica, con endoscopia alta y colonoscopia normal; planteándose sangrado gastrointestinal de origen oscuro por lo que se solicita estudio con cápsula endoscópica. El paciente evoluciona con retención de la cápsula en intestino delgado, visualizándose en las imágenes la presencia de estenosis ulcerada, hallazgo que se confirma mediante enteroscopia con toma de biopsias, sin lograr extraer la cápsula. Se indica manejo médico con corticoides por obstrucción intestinal secundario a estenosis inflamatoria en contexto de enfermedad de Crohn, expulsando espontáneamente la cápsula al día 21 de su ingestión, sin complicaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Crohn Disease/diagnosis , Capsule Endoscopes/adverse effects , Foreign Bodies/etiology , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Abdominal , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Capsule Endoscopy/adverse effects
20.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 10(2): 49-52, abr. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-998951

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is characterized by elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with normal free thyroxine (FT4). SH has been associated with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) such as increased blood pressure, lipid level and atherosclerosis; however, its association with coronary heart disease is controversial. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to know the prevalence of SH in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in 3 hospitals of the Viña del Mar-Quillota Health Service. The secondary objective was to know the prevalence of CVRF in patients with SH and euthyroidism. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study that included patients admitted for ACS. CVRF and thyroid hormone levels were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 81 patients recruited, 11 (13.6 percent) had SH. AHT was present in 68.3 percent of euthyroid and 90.9 percent of SH (p = 0.16). 55 percent of euthyroid and 63.6 percent of SH had dyslipidemia (p = 0.74). Overweight or obesity was found in 76.6 percent of euthyroid and 54.5 percent of SH (p = 0.15). The median CVRF was 3 (IQR 2-4) in euthyroid and 3 (IQR 3-4) in SH (p = 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of SH in patients with ACS was not higher than that reported in the general population and there were no differences in CVRF between SH and euthyroid. We require prospective cohort studies with a larger sample size to establish incidence and risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in SH.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Acute Coronary Syndrome/epidemiology , Hypothyroidism/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors
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